Anti-Speech
Pro-Speech
Conservative
Liberal
No Direction
Expressive
Written
Spoken
Association
no unusual disposition specified
no determinable formal alteration of precedent
precedent formally altered
no favorable disposition for petitioning party apparent
petitioning party received a favorable disposition
favorable disposition for petitioning party unclear
dissent in opposite direction
majority and dissent in same direction
no mention that a 3-judge ct heard case
3-judge district ct heard case
no mention that dissent occurred
dissent in ct whose dec the sct reviewed
first vote on issue/legal provision
second vote on issue/legal provision
justice wrote no opinion
justice wrote an opinion
justice co-authored an opinion
dissent
majority
voted with majority or plurality
regular concurrence
special concurrence
judgment of the Court
dissent from a denial or dismissal of certiorari , or dissent from summary affirmation of an appeal
jurisdictional dissent
justice participated in an equally divided vote
JJay
JRutledge
WCushing
JWilson
JBlair
JIredell
TJohnson
WPaterson
SChase
OEllsworth
BWashington
AMoore
JMarshall
WJohnson
HBLivingston
TTodd
GDuvall
JStory
SThompson
RTrimble
JMcLean
HBaldwin
JMWayne
RBTaney
PPBarbour
JCatron
JMcKinley
PVDaniel
SNelson
LWoodbury
RCGrier
BRCurtis
JACampbell
NClifford
NHSwayne
SFMiller
DDavis
SJField
SPChase
WStrong
WHunt
MRWaite
JHarlan1
WBWoods
SMatthews
HGray
SBlatchford
LQLamar
MWFuller
DJBrewer
HBBrown
GShiras
HEJackson
EDEWhite
RWPeckham
JMcKenna
OWHolmes
WRDay
WHMoody
HHLurton
CEHughes1
WVanDevanter
JRLamar
MPitney
JCMcReynolds
LDBrandeis
JHClarke
WHTaft
GSutherland
PButler
ETSanford
HFStone
CEHughes2
OJRoberts
BNCardozo
HLBlack
SFReed
FFrankfurter
WODouglas
FMurphy
JFByrnes
RHJackson
WBRutledge
HHBurton
FMVinson
TCClark
SMinton
EWarren
JHarlan2
WJBrennan
CEWhittaker
PStewart
BRWhite
AJGoldberg
AFortas
TMarshall
WEBurger
HABlackmun
LFPowell
WHRehnquist
JPStevens
SDOConnor
AScalia
AMKennedy
DHSouter
CThomas
RBGinsburg
SGBreyer
JGRoberts
SAAlito
SSotomayor
JPBradley
EKagan
No Legal Provision
Article I, Section 1 (delegation of powers)
Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or bills of credit)
Article I, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (composition of the House of Representatives)
Article I, Section 2, Paragraph 3 (apportionment of Representatives)
Article I, Section 4, Paragraph 1 (elections clause)
Article I, Section 5, Paragraph 1 (congressional qualifications)
Article I, Section 6, Paragraph 1 (speech or debate clause)
Article I, Section 6, Paragraph 2 (civil appointments)
Article I, Section 7, Paragraph 1 (origination clause)
Article I, Section 7, Paragraph 2 (separation of powers)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 1 (spending, general welfare, or uniformity clause)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 3 (interstate commerce clause)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 4 (bankruptcy clause)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 7 (postal power)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 8 (patent and copyright clause)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 11 (war power)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 14 (governance of the armed forces)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 15 (call-up of militia)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 16 (organizing the militia)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 17 (governance of the District of Columbia and lands purchased from the states)
Article I, Section 8, Paragraph 18 (necessary and proper clause)
Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 2 (suspension of the writ of habeas corpus)
Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 3 (bill of attainder or ex post facto law)
Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 4 (direct tax)
Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 5 (export clause)
Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 6 (preference to ports)
Article I, Section 9, Paragraph 7 (appropriations clause)
Article I, Section 10 (state bill of attainder or ex post facto law)
Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 1 (contract clause)
Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 2 (export-import clause)
Article I, Section 10, Paragraph 3 (compact clause)
Article II, Section 1 (executive power)
Article II, Section 1, Paragraph 8 (oath provision)
Article II, Section 2 (commander-in-chief)
Article II, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (presidential pardoning power)
Article II, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (appointments clause)
Article III, Section 1, Paragraph 1 (judicial power)
Article III, Section 1, Paragraph 2 (good behavior and compensation clause of federal judges)
Article III, Section 2 (extent of judicial power)
Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (case or controversy requirement)
Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (original jurisdiction)
Article III, Section 2, Paragraph 3 (vicinage requirement)
Article III, Section 3 (treason clause)
Article IV, Section 1 (full faith and credit clause)
Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 1 (privileges and immunities clause)
Article IV, Section 2, Paragraph 2 (extradition clause)
Article IV, Section 3, Paragraph 2 (property clause)
Article IV, Section 4 (guarantee clause)
Article VI, Section 2 (supremacy clause)
Article VI, Section 3 (oath provision)
Amendment Clause
Article V, Section 1 (courts)
First Amendment (speech, press, and assembly)
First Amendment (association)
First Amendment (free exercise of religion)
First Amendment (establishment of religion)
First Amendment (petition clause)
Fourth Amendment
Fifth Amendment (double jeopardy)
Fifth Amendment (due process)
Fifth Amendment (grand jury)
Fifth Amendment (Miranda warnings)
Fifth Amendment (self-incrimination)
Fifth Amendment (takings clause)
Fifth Amendment (equal protection)
Sixth Amendment (right to confront and cross-examine, compulsory process)
Sixth Amendment (right to counsel)
Sixth Amendment (right to trial by jury)
Sixth Amendment (speedy trial)
Sixth Amendment (other provisions)
Seventh Amendment
Eighth Amendment (prohibition of excessive bail)
Eighth Amendment (prohibition of excessive fines)
Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment)
Ninth Amendment
Tenth Amendment
Eleventh Amendment
Twelfth Amendment
Thirteenth Amendment (both sections 1 and 2)
Fourteenth Amendment (privileges and immunities clause)
Fourteenth Amendment (reduction in representation clause)
Fourteenth Amendment (citizenship clause)
Fourteenth Amendment (due process)
Fourteenth Amendment (equal protection)
Fourteenth Amendment (enforcement clause)
Fifteenth Amendment (other provisions)
Fifteenth Amendment (enforcement clause)
Sixteenth Amendment
Seventeenth Amendment
Twenty-First Amendment
Twenty-Fourth Amendment
Second Ammendment
Americans with Disabilities Act
Age Discrimination in Employment
Aid to Families with Dependent Children provisions of the Social Security Act, plus amendments
Clean Air, plus amendments
Administrative Procedure, or Administrative Orders Review
Atomic Energy
Bankruptcy Code, Bankruptcy Act or Rules, or Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978
Medicaid provisions of the Social Security Act
Medicare provisions of the Social Security Act
Clayton
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1978)
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1981)
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1982)
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1983)
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1985)
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1986)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (public accommodations)
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Civil Rights Act of 1991
Statutory provisions of the District of Columbia
Equal Access to Justice
Education Amendments of 1972
Employee Retirement Income Security, as amended
Elementary and Secondary Education
Federal False Claims
Communication Act of 1934, as amended
Federal Employees' Compensation
Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards
Federal Employers' Liability, as amended
Federal Election Campaign
Family Educational Rights and Privacy (Buckley Amendment)
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic, and related statutes
Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Fair Labor Standards
Freedom of Information, Sunshine, or Privacy Act
Federal Power
Federal Trade Commission
Federal Water Pollution Control (Clean Water), plus amendments
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets, National Firearms, Organized Crime Control, Comprehensive Crime Control, or Gun Control Acts
Education of the Handicapped, Education for All Handicapped Children, or Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts, or related statutes, as amended
28 U.S.C. &sect; 2241-2255 (habeas corpus)
Fair Housing
Interstate Commerce, as amended
Immigration and Naturalization, Immigration, Nationality, or Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigrant Responsibility Acts, as amended
Internal Revenue Code
Internal Security
Jencks
Jones, or Death on the High Seas
Longshoremen and Harbor Workers' Compensation
Labor-Management Relations
Labor-Management Reporting and Disclosure
Motor Carrier
Miller
National Environmental Policy
Natural Gas, or Natural Gas Policy Acts
National Labor Relations, as amended
Norris-LaGuardia
Occupational Safety and Health
Public Utility Regulatory Policy
Rehabilitation
Religious Freedom Restoration
Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations
Railway Labor
Robinson-Patman
Securities Act of 1933, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, or the Williams Act
Selective Service, Military Selective Service, or Universal Military Service and Training Acts
Sherman
Submerged Lands Acts
Smith, Subversive Activities Control, Communist Control, or other similar federal legislation
Social Security, as amended, including Social Security Disability Benefits Reform Act
Supplemental Security Income
State or local legislative enactments
Truth in Lending
Federal Tort Claims, or Alien Tort Statute
Tucker
Trading with the Enemy Act, as amended
Universal Code of Military Justice
Voting Rights Act of 1965, plus amendments
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1971)
Reconstruction Civil Rights Acts (42 U.S.C. &sect; 1999)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title II)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title IV)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (other)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title IX)
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VI)
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, including Appellate Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, or relevant rules of a circuit court
Federal Rules of Evidence
Supreme Court Rules
Abstention Doctrine
Retroactive application of a constitutional right
Exclusionary Rule (Fourth Amendment)
Exclusionary Rule (Right to Counsel)
Exclusionary Rule (Miranda warnings)
Harmless Error
Res Judicata
Estoppel
Writ Improvidently Granted
Treaty
Interstate Compact
Executive Order
Territory Statute
International Law
Infrequently litigated statutes (title and section of U.S. Code)
Infrequently litigated statute (volume and page of session laws)
State or Territorial Law or Local Ordinance
Constitution
Constitutional Amendment
Federal Statute
Court Rules
Other
State or local law or regulation
judicial review (national level)
judicial review (state level)
Supreme Court supervision of lower federal or state courts or original jurisdiction
statutory construction
interpretation of administrative regulation or rule, or executive order
diversity jurisdiction
federal common law
Criminal Procedure
Civil Rights
First Amendment
Due Process
Privacy
Attorneys
Unions
Economic Activity
Judicial Power
Federalism
Interstate Relations
Federal Taxation
Miscellaneous
Private Action
involuntary confession
habeas corpus
plea bargaining: the constitutionality of and/or the circumstances of its exercise
retroactivity (of newly announced or newly enacted constitutional or statutory rights)
search and seizure (other than as pertains to vehicles or Crime Control Act)
search and seizure, vehicles
search and seizure, Crime Control Act
contempt of court
self-incrimination (other than as pertains to Miranda or immunity from prosecution)
Miranda warnings
self-incrimination, immunity from prosecution
right to counsel (cf. indigents appointment of counsel or inadequate representation)
cruel and unusual punishment, death penalty (cf. extra legal jury influence, death penalty)
cruel and unusual punishment, non-death penalty (cf. liability, civil rights acts)
line-up
discovery and inspection (in the context of criminal litigation only, otherwise Freedom of Information Act and related federal or state statutes or regulations)
double jeopardy
ex post facto (state)
extra-legal jury influences: miscellaneous
extra-legal jury influences: prejudicial statements or evidence
extra-legal jury influences: contact with jurors outside courtroom
extra-legal jury influences: jury instructions
extra-legal jury influences: voir dire (not necessarily a criminal case)
extra-legal jury influences: prison garb or appearance
extra-legal jury influences: jurors and death penalty (cf. cruel and unusual punishment)
extra-legal jury influences: pretrial publicity
confrontation (right to confront accuser, call and cross-examine witnesses)
subconstitutional fair procedure: confession of error
subconstitutional fair procedure: conspiracy (cf. Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure: conspiracy)
subconstitutional fair procedure: entrapment
subconstitutional fair procedure: exhaustion of remedies
subconstitutional fair procedure: fugitive from justice
subconstitutional fair procedure: presentation, admissibility, or sufficiency of evidence (not necessarily a criminal case)
subconstitutional fair procedure: stay of execution
subconstitutional fair procedure: timeliness
subconstitutional fair procedure: miscellaneous
Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure
statutory construction of criminal laws: assault
statutory construction of criminal laws: bank robbery
statutory construction of criminal laws: conspiracy (cf. subconstitutional fair procedure: conspiracy)
statutory construction of criminal laws: escape from custody
statutory construction of criminal laws: false statements (cf. statutory construction of criminal laws: perjury)
statutory construction of criminal laws: financial (other than in fraud or internal revenue)
statutory construction of criminal laws: firearms
statutory construction of criminal laws: fraud
statutory construction of criminal laws: gambling
statutory construction of criminal laws: Hobbs Act; i.e., 18 USC 1951
statutory construction of criminal laws: immigration (cf. immigration and naturalization)
statutory construction of criminal laws: internal revenue (cf. Federal Taxation)
statutory construction of criminal laws: Mann Act
statutory construction of criminal laws: narcotics
statutory construction of criminal laws: obstruction of justice
statutory construction of criminal laws: perjury (other than as pertains to statutory construction of criminal laws: false statements)
statutory construction of criminal laws: Travel Act, 18 USC 1952
statutory construction of criminal laws: war crimes
statutory construction of criminal laws: sentencing guidelines
statutory construction of criminal laws: miscellaneous
jury trial (right to, as distinct from extra-legal jury influences)
speedy trial
miscellaneous criminal procedure (cf. due process, prisoners' rights, comity: criminal procedure)
voting
ballot access (of candidates and political parties)
desegregation (other than as pertains to school desegregation, employment discrimination, and affirmative action)
desegregation, schools
employment discrimination: on basis of race, age, religion, illegitimacy, national origin, or working conditions.
affirmative action
slavery
sit-in demonstrations (protests against racial discrimination in places of public accommodation)
reapportionment: other than plans governed by the Voting Rights Act
debtors' rights
deportation (cf. immigration and naturalization)
employability of aliens (cf. immigration and naturalization)
sex discrimination (excluding sex discrimination in employment)
sex discrimination in employment (cf. sex discrimination and employment discrimination)
Indians (other than pertains to state jurisdiction over)
Indians, state jurisdiction over
juveniles (cf. rights of illegitimates)
poverty law, constitutional
poverty law, statutory: welfare benefits, typically under some Social Security Act provision.
illegitimates, rights of (cf. juveniles): typically inheritance and survivor's benefits, and paternity suits
handicapped, rights of: under Rehabilitation, Americans with Disabilities Act, and related statutes
residency requirements: durational, plus discrimination against nonresidents
military: draftee, or person subject to induction
military: active duty
military: veteran
immigration and naturalization: permanent residence
immigration and naturalization: citizenship
immigration and naturalization: loss of citizenship, denaturalization
immigration and naturalization: access to public education
immigration and naturalization: welfare benefits
immigration and naturalization: miscellaneous
indigents: appointment of counsel (cf. right to counsel)
indigents: inadequate representation by counsel (cf. right to counsel)
indigents: payment of fine
indigents: costs or filing fees
indigents: U.S. Supreme Court docketing fee
indigents: transcript
indigents: assistance of psychiatrist
indigents: miscellaneous
liability, civil rights acts (cf. liability, governmental and liability, nongovernmental; cruel and unusual punishment, non-death penalty)
miscellaneous civil rights (cf. comity: civil rights)
First Amendment, miscellaneous (cf. comity: First Amendment)
commercial speech, excluding attorneys
libel, defamation: defamation of public officials and public and private persons
libel, privacy: true and false light invasions of privacy
legislative investigations: concerning internal security only
federal internal security legislation: Smith, Internal Security, and related federal statutes
loyalty oath or non-Communist affidavit (other than bar applicants, government employees, political party, or teacher)
loyalty oath: bar applicants (cf. admission to bar, state or federal or U.S. Supreme Court)
loyalty oath: government employees
loyalty oath: political party
loyalty oath: teachers
security risks: denial of benefits or dismissal of employees for reasons other than failure to meet loyalty oath requirements
conscientious objectors (cf. military draftee or military active duty) to military service
campaign spending (cf. governmental corruption):
protest demonstrations (other than as pertains to sit-in demonstrations): demonstrations and other forms of protest based on First Amendment guarantees
free exercise of religion
establishment of religion (other than as pertains to parochiaid:)
parochiaid: government aid to religious schools, or religious requirements in public schools
obscenity, state (cf. comity: privacy): including the regulation of sexually explicit material under the 21st Amendment
obscenity, federal
due process: miscellaneous (cf. loyalty oath), the residual code
due process: hearing or notice (other than as pertains to government employees or prisoners' rights)
due process: hearing, government employees
due process: prisoners' rights and defendants' rights
due process: impartial decision maker
due process: jurisdiction (jurisdiction over non-resident litigants)
due process: takings clause, or other non-constitutional governmental taking of property
privacy (cf. libel, comity: privacy)
abortion: including contraceptives
right to die
Freedom of Information Act and related federal or state statutes or regulations
attorneys' fees
commercial speech, attorneys (cf. commercial speech)
admission to a state or federal bar, disbarment, and attorney discipline (cf. loyalty oath: bar applicants)
admission to, or disbarment from, Bar of the U.S. Supreme Court
arbitration (in the context of labor-management or employer-employee relations) (cf. arbitration)
union antitrust: legality of anticompetitive union activity
union or closed shop: includes agency shop litigation
Fair Labor Standards Act
Occupational Safety and Health Act
union-union member dispute (except as pertains to union or closed shop)
labor-management disputes: bargaining
labor-management disputes: employee discharge
labor-management disputes: distribution of union literature
labor-management disputes: representative election
labor-management disputes: antistrike injunction
labor-management disputes: jurisdictional dispute
labor-management disputes: right to organize
labor-management disputes: picketing
labor-management disputes: secondary activity
labor-management disputes: no-strike clause
labor-management disputes: union representatives
labor-management disputes: union trust funds (cf. ERISA)
labor-management disputes: working conditions
labor-management disputes: miscellaneous dispute
miscellaneous union
antitrust (except in the context of mergers and union antitrust)
mergers
bankruptcy (except in the context of priority of federal fiscal claims)
sufficiency of evidence: typically in the context of a jury's determination of compensation for injury or death
election of remedies: legal remedies available to injured persons or things
liability, governmental: tort or contract actions by or against government or governmental officials other than defense of criminal actions brought under a civil rights action. Economic Activity
liability, nongovernmental: other than as in sufficiency of evidence, election of remedies, punitive damages
liability, punitive damages
Employee Retirement Income Security Act (cf. union trust funds)
state tax
state and territorial land claims
state regulation, especially of business (cf. federal pre-emption of state court jurisdiction, federal pre-emption of state legislation or regulation)
securities, federal regulation of
natural resources - environmental protection (cf. national supremacy: natural resources, national supremacy: pollution)
corruption, governmental or governmental regulation of other than as in campaign spending
zoning: constitutionality of such ordinances, or restrictions on owners' or lessors' use of real property
arbitration (other than as pertains to labor-management or employer-employee relations (cf. union arbitration)
federal or state consumer protection: typically under the Truth in Lending; Food, Drug and Cosmetic; and Consumer Protection Credit Acts
patents and copyrights: patent
patents and copyrights: copyright
patents and copyrights: trademark
patents and copyrights: patentability of computer processes
patents and copyrights: railroad
federal transportation regulation: boat
federal transportation regulation:truck, or motor carrier
federal transportation regulation: pipeline (cf. federal public utilities regulation: gas pipeline)
federal transportation regulation: airline
federal public utilities regulation: electric power
federal public utilities regulation: nuclear power
federal public utilities regulation: oil producer
federal public utilities regulation: gas producer
federal public utilities regulation: gas pipeline (cf. federal transportation regulation: pipeline)
federal public utilities regulation: radio and television (cf. cable television)
federal public utilities regulation: cable television (cf. radio and television)
federal public utilities regulation: telephone company
miscellaneous economic regulation
comity, criminal and First Amendment: civil rights
comity, criminal and First Amendment: criminal procedure
comity, criminal and First Amendment: First Amendment
comity, criminal and First Amendment: habeas corpus
comity, criminal and First Amendment: military
comity, criminal and First Amendment: obscenity
comity, criminal and First Amendment: privacy
comity, criminal and First Amendment: miscellaneous
comity, civil procedure (cf. comity, criminal and First Amendment); deference to foreign judicial tribunals
assessment of costs or damages: as part of a court order
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
judicial review of administrative agency's or administrative official's actions and procedures
mootness (cf. standing to sue: live dispute)
venue
no merits: writ improvidently granted
no merits: dismissed for want of a substantial or properly presented federal question, or a nonsuit
no merits: dismissed for want of jurisdiction (cf. judicial administration: Supreme Court jurisdiction or authority on appeal from federal district courts or courts of appeals)
no merits: adequate non-federal grounds for decision
no merits: remand to determine basis of state or federal court decision (cf. judicial administration: state law)
no merits: miscellaneous
standing to sue: adversary parties
standing to sue: direct injury
standing to sue: legal injury
standing to sue: personal injury
standing to sue: justiciable question
standing to sue: live dispute
standing to sue: parens patriae standing
standing to sue: statutory standing
standing to sue: private or implied cause of action
standing to sue: taxpayer's suit
standing to sue: miscellaneous
judicial administration: jurisdiction or authority of federal district courts or territorial courts
judicial administration: jurisdiction or authority of federal courts of appeals
judicial administration: Supreme Court jurisdiction or authority on appeal or writ of error, from federal district courts or courts of appeals (cf. 753)
judicial administration: Supreme Court jurisdiction or authority on appeal or writ of error, from highest state court
judicial administration: jurisdiction or authority of the Court of Claims
judicial administration: Supreme Court's original jurisdiction
judicial administration: review of non-final order
judicial administration: change in state law (cf. no merits: remand to determine basis of state court decision)
judicial administration: federal question (cf. no merits: dismissed for want of a substantial or properly presented federal question)
judicial administration: ancillary or pendent jurisdiction
judicial administration: extraordinary relief
judicial administration: certification (cf. objection to reason for denial of certiorari or appeal)
judicial administration: resolution of circuit conflict, or conflict between or among other courts
judicial administration: objection to reason for denial of certiorari or appeal
judicial administration: collateral estoppel or res judicata
judicial administration: interpleader
judicial administration: untimely filing
judicial administration: Act of State doctrine
judicial administration: miscellaneous
Supreme Court's certiorari, writ of error, or appeals jurisdiction
miscellaneous, especially diversity jurisdiction
federal-state ownership dispute (cf. Submerged Lands Act)
federal pre-emption of state court jurisdiction
federal pre-emption of state legislation or regulation
executive authority vis-a-vis congress or the states
Submerged Lands Act (cf. federal-state ownership dispute)
national supremacy: commodities
national supremacy: intergovernmental tax immunity
national supremacy: marital and family relationships and property, including obligation of child support
national supremacy: natural resources (cf. natural resources - environmental protection)
national supremacy: pollution, air or water (cf. natural resources - environmental protection)
national supremacy: public utilities (cf. federal public utilities regulation)
national supremacy: state tax (cf. state tax)
national supremacy: miscellaneous
miscellaneous federalism
boundary dispute between states
non-real property dispute between states
miscellaneous interstate relations conflict
federal taxation, typically under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code
federal taxation of gifts, personal, business, or professional expenses
priority of federal fiscal claims: over those of the states or private entities
miscellaneous federal taxation (cf. national supremacy: state tax)
legislative veto
miscellaneous
real property
personal property
contracts
evidence
civil procedure
torts
wills and estates
commercial transactions
stay, petition, or motion granted
affirmed
reversed
reversed and remanded
vacated and remanded
affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part
affirmed and reversed (or vacated) in part and remanded
vacated
petition denied or appeal dismissed
certification to a lower court
no disposition
no declaration of unconstitutionality
act of congress declared unconstitutional
state or territorial law, reg, or const provision unconstitutional
municipal or other local ordinance unconstitutional
conservative
liberal
unspecifiable
modify
remand
case did not arise on cert or cert not granted
federal court conflict
federal court conflict and to resolve important or significant question
putative conflict
conflict between federal court and state court
state court conflict
federal court confusion or uncertainty
state court confusion or uncertainty
federal court and state court confusion or uncertainty
to resolve important or significant question
to resolve question presented
no reason given
other reason
U.S. Court of Customs and Patent Appeals
U.S. Court of International Trade
U.S. Court of Claims, Court of Federal Claims
U.S. Court of Military Appeals, renamed as Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
U.S. Court of Military Review
U.S. Court of Veterans Appeals
U.S. Customs Court
U.S. Court of Appeals, Federal Circuit
U.S. Tax Court
Temporary Emergency U.S. Court of Appeals
Territorial Court
U.S. Court for China
U.S. Consular Courts
U.S. Commerce Court
Territorial Supreme Court
Territorial Appellate Court
Territorial Trial Court
Emergency Court of Appeals
District of Columbia Supreme Court
U.S. Court of Appeals, First Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Tenth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, District of Columbia Circuit
Alabama Middle U.S. District Court
Alabama Northern U.S. District Court
Alabama Southern U.S. District Court
Alaska U.S. District Court
Arizona U.S. District Court
Arkansas Eastern U.S. District Court
Arkansas Western U.S. District Court
California Central U.S. District Court
California Eastern U.S. District Court
California Northern U.S. District Court
California Southern U.S. District Court
Colorado U.S. District Court
Connecticut U.S. District Court
Delaware U.S. District Court
District Of Columbia U.S. District Court
Florida Middle U.S. District Court
Florida Northern U.S. District Court
Florida Southern U.S. District Court
Georgia Middle U.S. District Court
Georgia Northern U.S. District Court
Georgia Southern U.S. District Court
Guam U.S. District Court
Hawaii U.S. District Court
Idaho U.S. District Court
Illinois Central U.S. District Court
Illinois Northern U.S. District Court
Illinois Southern U.S. District Court
Indiana Northern U.S. District Court
Indiana Southern U.S. District Court
Iowa Northern U.S. District Court
Iowa Southern U.S. District Court
Kansas U.S. District Court
Kentucky Eastern U.S. District Court
Kentucky Western U.S. District Court
Louisiana Eastern U.S. District Court
Louisiana Middle U.S. District Court
Louisiana Western U.S. District Court
Maine U.S. District Court
Maryland U.S. District Court
Massachusetts U.S. District Court
Michigan Eastern U.S. District Court
Michigan Western U.S. District Court
Minnesota U.S. District Court
Mississippi Northern U.S. District Court
Mississippi Southern U.S. District Court
Missouri Eastern U.S. District Court
Missouri Western U.S. District Court
Montana U.S. District Court
Nebraska U.S. District Court
Nevada U.S. District Court
New Hampshire U.S. District Court
New Jersey U.S. District Court
New Mexico U.S. District Court
New York Eastern U.S. District Court
New York Northern U.S. District Court
New York Southern U.S. District Court
New York Western U.S. District Court
North Carolina Eastern U.S. District Court
North Carolina Middle U.S. District Court
North Carolina Western U.S. District Court
North Dakota U.S. District Court
Northern Mariana Islands U.S. District Court
Ohio Northern U.S. District Court
Ohio Southern U.S. District Court
Oklahoma Eastern U.S. District Court
Oklahoma Northern U.S. District Court
Oklahoma Western U.S. District Court
Oregon U.S. District Court
Pennsylvania Eastern U.S. District Court
Pennsylvania Middle U.S. District Court
Pennsylvania Western U.S. District Court
Puerto Rico U.S. District Court
Rhode Island U.S. District Court
South Carolina U.S. District Court
South Dakota U.S. District Court
Tennessee Eastern U.S. District Court
Tennessee Middle U.S. District Court
Tennessee Western U.S. District Court
Texas Eastern U.S. District Court
Texas Northern U.S. District Court
Texas Southern U.S. District Court
Texas Western U.S. District Court
Utah U.S. District Court
Vermont U.S. District Court
Virgin Islands U.S. District Court
Virginia Eastern U.S. District Court
Virginia Western U.S. District Court
Washington Eastern U.S. District Court
Washington Western U.S. District Court
West Virginia Northern U.S. District Court
West Virginia Southern U.S. District Court
Wisconsin Eastern U.S. District Court
Wisconsin Western U.S. District Court
Wyoming U.S. District Court
New Jersey Eastern U.S. District Court
New Jersey Western U.S. District Court
Louisiana U.S. District Court
Washington U.S. District Court
West Virginia U.S. District Court
Illinois Eastern U.S. District Court
Massachusetts Eastern U.S. District Court
South Carolina Eastern U.S. District Court
California Middle District Court
Iowa Middle U.S. District Court
Illinois Middle U.S. District Court
Virginia Northern U.S. District Court
South Carolina Western U.S. District Court
West Virginia Western U.S. District Court
Alabama U.S. District Court
U.S. District Court for the Canal Zone
Georgia U.S. District Court
Illinois U.S. District Court
Indiana U.S. District Court
Iowa U.S. District Court
Michigan U.S. District Court
Mississippi U.S. District Court
Missouri U.S. District Court
New Jersey Eastern U.S. District Court (East Jersey U.S. District Court)
New Jersey Western U.S. District Court (West Jersey U.S. District Court)
New York U.S. District Court
North Carolina U.S. District Court
Ohio U.S. District Court
Pennsylvania U.S. District Court
Tennessee U.S. District Court
Texas U.S. District Court
Virginia U.S. District Court
Norfolk U.S. District Court
Wisconsin U.S. District Court
Kentucky U.S. Distrcrict Court
California U.S. District Court
Florida U.S. District Court
State Supreme Court
State Appellate Court
State Trial Court
Eastern Circuit (of the United States)
Middle Circuit (of the United States)
Southern Circuit (of the United States)
Alabama U.S. Circuit Court for (all) District(s) of Alabama
Arkansas U.S. Circuit Court for (all) District(s) of Arkansas
California U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of California
Connecticut U.S. Circuit for the District of Connecticut
Delaware U.S. Circuit for the District of Delaware
Florida U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Florida
Georgia U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Georgia
Illinois U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Illinois
Indiana U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Indiana
Iowa U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Iowa
Kansas U.S. Circuit for the District of Kansas
Kentucky U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Kentucky
Louisiana U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Louisiana
Maine U.S. Circuit for the District of Maine
Maryland U.S. Circuit for the District of Maryland
Massachusetts U.S. Circuit for the District of Massachusetts
Michigan U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Michigan
Minnesota U.S. Circuit for the District of Minnesota
Mississippi U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Mississippi
Missouri U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Missouri
Nevada U.S. Circuit for the District of Nevada
New Hampshire U.S. Circuit for the District of New Hampshire
New Jersey U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of New Jersey
New York U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of New York
North Carolina U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of North Carolina
Ohio U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Ohio
Oregon U.S. Circuit for the District of Oregon
Pennsylvania U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Pennsylvania
Rhode Island U.S. Circuit for the District of Rhode Island
South Carolina U.S. Circuit for the District of South Carolina
Tennessee U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Tennessee
Texas U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Texas
Vermont U.S. Circuit for the District of Vermont
Virginia U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Virginia
West Virginia U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of West Virginia
Wisconsin U.S. Circuit for (all) District(s) of Wisconsin
Wyoming U.S. Circuit for the District of Wyoming
Army and Air Force Exchange Service
Atomic Energy Commission
Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Air Force
Department or Secretary of Agriculture
Alien Property Custodian
Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Army
Board of Immigration Appeals
Bureau of Indian Affairs
Bureau of Prisons
Bonneville Power Administration
Benefits Review Board
Civil Aeronautics Board
Bureau of the Census
Central Intelligence Agency
Commodity Futures Trading Commission
Department or Secretary of Commerce
Comptroller of Currency
Consumer Product Safety Commission
Civil Rights Commission
Civil Service Commission, U.S.
Customs Service or Commissioner or Collector of Customs
Defense Base Closure and REalignment Commission
Drug Enforcement Agency
Department or Secretary of Defense
Department or Secretary of Energy
Department or Secretary of the Interior
Department of Justice or Attorney General
Department or Secretary of State
Department or Secretary of Transportation
Department or Secretary of Education
U.S. Employees' Compensation Commission, or Commissioner
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Environmental Protection Agency or Administrator
Federal Aviation Agency or Administration
Federal Bureau of Investigation or Director
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Farm Credit Administration
Federal Communications Commission
Federal Credit Union Administration
Food and Drug Administration
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Federal Energy Administration
Federal Election Commission
Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
Federal Housing Administration
Federal Home Loan Bank Board
Federal Labor Relations Authority
Federal Maritime Board
Federal Maritime Commission
Farmers Home Administration
Federal Parole Board
Federal Power Commission
Federal Railroad Administration
Federal Reserve Board of Governors
Federal Reserve System
Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation
Federal Works Administration, or Administrator
General Accounting Office
Comptroller General
General Services Administration
Department or Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare
Department or Secretary of Health and Human Services
Department or Secretary of Housing and Urban Development
Administrative agency established under an interstate compact (except for the MTC)
Interstate Commerce Commission
Indian Claims Commission
Immigration and Naturalization Service, or Director of, or District Director of, or Immigration and Naturalization Enforcement
Internal Revenue Service, Collector, Commissioner, or District Director of
Information Security Oversight Office
Department or Secretary of Labor
Loyalty Review Board
Legal Services Corporation
Merit Systems Protection Board
Multistate Tax Commission
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Secretary or administrative unit or personnel of the U.S. Navy
National Credit Union Administration
National Endowment for the Arts
National Enforcement Commission
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
National Labor Relations Board, or regional office or officer
National Mediation Board
National Railroad Adjustment Board
Nuclear Regulatory Commission
National Security Agency
Office of Economic Opportunity
Office of Management and Budget
Office of Price Administration, or Price Administrator
Office of Personnel Management
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission
Office of Workers' Compensation Programs
Patent Office, or Commissioner of, or Board of Appeals of
Pay Board (established under the Economic Stabilization Act of 1970)
Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation
U.S. Public Health Service
Postal Rate Commission
Provider Reimbursement Review Board
Renegotiation Board
Railroad Adjustment Board
Railroad Retirement Board
Subversive Activities Control Board
Small Business Administration
Securities and Exchange Commission
Social Security Administration or Commissioner
Selective Service System
Department or Secretary of the Treasury
Tennessee Valley Authority
United States Forest Service
United States Parole Commission
Postal Service and Post Office, or Postmaster General, or Postmaster
United States Sentencing Commission
Veterans' Administration or Board of Veterans' Appeals
War Production Board
Wage Stabilization Board
State Agency
Unidentifiable
Office of Thrift Supervision
Department of Homeland Security
Board of General Appraisers
Board of Tax Appeals
General Land Office or Commissioners
cert
appeal
bail
certification
docketing fee
rehearing or restored to calendar for reargument
injunction
mandamus
original
stay
writ of error
writ of habeas corpus
Alabama
Alaska
American Samoa
Arizona
Arkansas
California
Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Federated States of Micronesia
Florida
Georgia
Guam
Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Marshall Islands
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Northern Mariana Islands
Ohio
Oklahoma
Oregon
Palau
Pennsylvania
Puerto Rico
Rhode Island
South Carolina
South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virgin Islands
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming
United States
attorney general of the United States, or his office
specified state board or department of education
city, town, township, village, or borough government or governmental unit
state commission, board, committee, or authority
county government or county governmental unit, except school district
court or judicial district
state department or agency
governmental employee or job applicant
female governmental employee or job applicant
minority governmental employee or job applicant
minority female governmental employee or job applicant
not listed among agencies in the first Administrative Action variable
retired or former governmental employee
U.S. House of Representatives
interstate compact
judge
state legislature, house, or committee
local governmental unit other than a county, city, town, township, village, or borough
governmental official, or an official of an agency established under an interstate compact
state or U.S. supreme court
local school district or board of education
U.S. Senate
U.S. senator
foreign nation or instrumentality
state or local governmental taxpayer, or executor of the estate of
state college or university
State
person accused, indicted, or suspected of crime
advertising business or agency
agent, fiduciary, trustee, or executor
airplane manufacturer, or manufacturer of parts of airplanes
airline
distributor, importer, or exporter of alcoholic beverages
alien, person subject to a denaturalization proceeding, or one whose citizenship is revoked
American Medical Association
National Railroad Passenger Corp.
amusement establishment, or recreational facility
arrested person, or pretrial detainee
attorney, or person acting as such;includes bar applicant or law student, or law firm or bar association
author, copyright holder
bank, savings and loan, credit union, investment company
bankrupt person or business, including trustee in bankruptcy, or business in reorganization
establishment serving liquor by the glass, or package liquor store
water transportation, stevedore
bookstore, newsstand, printer, bindery, purveyor or distributor of books or magazines
brewery, distillery
broker, stock exchange, investment or securities firm
construction industry
bus or motorized passenger transportation vehicle
business, corporation
buyer, purchaser
cable TV
car dealer
person convicted of crime
tangible property, other than real estate, including contraband
chemical company
child, children, including adopted or illegitimate
religious organization, institution, or person
private club or facility
coal company or coal mine operator
computer business or manufacturer, hardware or software
consumer, consumer organization
creditor, including institution appearing as such; e.g., a finance company
person allegedly criminally insane or mentally incompetent to stand trial
defendant
debtor, excluding bankrupt person or business
real estate developer
disabled person or disability benefit claimant
distributor
person subject to selective service, including conscientious objector
drug manufacturer
druggist, pharmacist, pharmacy
employee, or job applicant, including beneficiaries of
employer-employee trust agreement, employee health and welfare fund, or multi-employer pension plan
electric equipment manufacturer
electric or hydroelectric power utility, power cooperative, or gas and electric company
eleemosynary institution or person
environmental organization
employer. If employer's relations with employees are governed by the nature of the employer's business (e.g., railroad, boat), rather than labor law generally, the more specific designation is used in place of Employer.
farmer, farm worker, or farm organization
father
female employee or job applicant
female
movie, play, pictorial representation, theatrical production, actor, or exhibitor or distributor of
fisherman or fishing company
food, meat packing, or processing company, stockyard
foreign (non-American) nongovernmental entity
franchiser
franchisee
homosexual person or organization
person who guarantees another's obligations
handicapped individual, or organization of devoted to
health organization or person, nursing home, medical clinic or laboratory, chiropractor
heir, or beneficiary, or person so claiming to be
hospital, medical center
husband, or ex-husband
involuntarily committed mental patient
Indian, including Indian tribe or nation
insurance company, or surety
inventor, patent assigner, trademark owner or holder
investor
injured person or legal entity, nonphysically and non-employment related
juvenile
government contractor
holder of a license or permit, or applicant therefor
magazine
male
medical or Medicaid claimant
medical supply or manufacturing co.
racial or ethnic minority employee or job applicant
minority female employee or job applicant
manufacturer
management, executive officer, or director, of business entity
military personnel, or dependent of, including reservist
mining company or miner, excluding coal, oil, or pipeline company
mother
auto manufacturer
newspaper, newsletter, journal of opinion, news service
radio and television network, except cable tv
nonprofit organization or business
nonresident
nuclear power plant or facility
owner, landlord, or claimant to ownership, fee interest, or possession of land as well as chattels
shareholders to whom a tender offer is made
tender offer
oil company, or natural gas producer
elderly person, or organization dedicated to the elderly
out of state noncriminal defendant
political action committee
parent or parents
parking lot or service
patient of a health professional
telephone, telecommunications, or telegraph company
physician, MD or DO, dentist, or medical society
public interest organization
physically injured person, including wrongful death, who is not an employee
pipe line company
package, luggage, container
political candidate, activist, committee, party, party member, organization, or elected official
indigent, needy, welfare recipient
indigent defendant
private person
prisoner, inmate of penal institution
professional organization, business, or person
probationer, or parolee
protester, demonstrator, picketer or pamphleteer (non-employment related), or non-indigent loiterer
public utility
publisher, publishing company
radio station
racial or ethnic minority
person or organization protesting racial or ethnic segregation or discrimination
racial or ethnic minority student or applicant for admission to an educational institution
realtor
journalist, columnist, member of the news media
resident
restaurant, food vendor
retarded person, or mental incompetent
retired or former employee
railroad
private school, college, or university
seller or vendor
shipper, including importer and exporter
shopping center, mall
spouse, or former spouse
stockholder, shareholder, or bondholder
retail business or outlet
student, or applicant for admission to an educational institution
taxpayer or executor of taxpayer's estate, federal only
tenant or lessee
theater, studio
forest products, lumber, or logging company
person traveling or wishing to travel abroad, or overseas travel agent
trucking company, or motor carrier
television station
union member
unemployed person or unemployment compensation applicant or claimant
union, labor organization, or official of
veteran
voter, prospective voter, elector, or a nonelective official seeking reapportionment or redistricting of legislative districts (POL)
wholesale trade
wife, or ex-wife
witness, or person under subpoena
network
Customs Service or Commissioner of Customs
Secretary or administrative unit of the U.S. Navy
Veterans' Administration
Jay 1
Jay 2
Jay 3
Jay 4
Rutledge 1
No Chief (Post-Rutledge)
Ellsworth 1
Ellsworth 2
Ellsworth 3
Marshall 1
Marshall 2
Marshall 3
Marshall 4
Marshall 5
Marshall 6
Marshall 7
Marshall 8
Marshall 9
Marshall 10
Taney 1
Taney 2
Taney 3
Taney 4
Taney 5
Taney 6
Taney 7
Taney 8
Taney 9
Taney 10
Taney 11
Taney 12
Taney 13
Taney 14
Taney 15
Chase 1
Chase 2
Chase 3
Waite 1
Waite 2
Waite 3
Waite 4
Waite 5
Waite 6
Waite 7
Fuller 1
Fuller 2
Fuller 3
Fuller 4
Fuller 5
Fuller 6
Fuller 7
Fuller 8
Fuller 9
Fuller 10
Fuller 11
Fuller 12
No Chief (Post-Fuller)
White 1
White 2
White 3
White 4
White 5
Taft 1
Taft 2
Taft 3
Taft 4
Taft 5
Hughes 1
Hughes 2
Hughes 3
Hughes 4
Hughes 5
Hughes 6
Hughes 7
Hughes 8
Stone 1
Stone 2
Stone 3
Vinson 1
Vinson 2
Vinson 3
Warren 1
Warren 2
Warren 3
Warren 4
Warren 5
Warren 6
Warren 7
Warren 8
Warren 9
Warren 10
Warren 11
Burger 1
Burger 2
Burger 3
Burger 4
Burger 5
Burger 6
Burger 7
Rehnquist 1
Rehnquist 2
Rehnquist 3
Rehnquist 4
Rehnquist 5
Rehnquist 6
Rehnquist 7
Roberts 1
Roberts 2
Roberts 3
opinion of the court (orally argued)
per curiam (no oral argument)
decrees
equally divided vote
per curiam (orally argued)
judgment of the Court (orally argued)